The minister said that current challenges result from several years of inappropriate policies, fiscal leakages and global economic phenomena. Ahmed said the plan would help Nigeria achieve robust development in the science and technology sectors. Ahmed further noted that the NDP will help Nigeria achieve regional continental agendas. Clement Agba, the minister of state, budget and national planning, speaking after the weekly FEC meeting, said that the NDP for to , approved by FEC on November 10, intends to be an all-inclusive plan for all Nigerians especially women, young people, people with special needs and vulnerable people.
But this time, we have three volumes. What volume three really seeks to cover are those laws or policies that impede the private sector from being the main driver of the economy. Policies have also been identified that need to be worked upon.
Natural resources, such as water, pastures, forests, and fisheries, are not properly put to use in many countries, since they are viewed as open access resources with limited restraints on who wants to use them. Therefore the Designing and implementing effective community-based systems is difficult for managing these resources is difficult and only just commencing in some. According to Shiru, One greatest problem facing rural development is the lack of modern machinery and tools for large scale agricultural development.
As a result many communities are still in peasant farming and in abject poverty in Nigeria. The government and international agencies often do not consider the interests of the local farmers in the application of technological change.
Currently the objective of the National Policy on Rural Development provides for an ideal situation of an acceptable level of development in the rural area. Summary of this objectives include. Click here to join. With over 1M unique users per month across all channels , we have a large audience for you to showcase your products and services.
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Your email address will not be published. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Adedayo Odebode. A short summary of this paper. Civil and Environmental Research www. Department of Estate Management, 2. Department of Estate Management, Osun State Polytechnic Iree, Nigeria Abstract The paper examined the relationship among integrated rural development scheme, livelihood assets and housing condition in selected rural areas in Osun state.
This is necessitated by the need to look at an alternative ways of financing rural housing through self-help project. It is also inspired by the need for sustainability in better housing condition in the rural communities. Data was obtained from respondents selected through a multi-staged sampling across 28 rural communities in Osun state.
The data obtained was analysed with the use of frequency distribution, correlation, regression and chi-square analysis. The results of the study in this paper reveals, among others, that the mode of operation and housing condition has positive relationship and are not independent of each other.
Based on these findings, integrated scheme has positive relationship with housing condition because the more the livelihood assets through integrated scheme, the better the rural housing condition in Nigeria. The paper therefore suggests consideration of integrated scheme as an effective strategy for rural housing improvement.
Keywords: relationship, integrated, rural development scheme, livelihood assets, housing condition, and rural areas. DOI: Introduction Rural areas in most cases are neglected in most parts of the world especially in a developing country like Nigeria. This has accounted in most cases for the high rural urban migration as opined by Sule et al. Thus, the challenge of housing crises such as proliferation of shanty living areas experienced in Nigeria according to Sule et al.
Provision of improved livelihood and housing in rural areas could be a good strategy for controlling rural urban migration which would have positive effect on urban housing as well by reducing pressure on urban housing needs. The Nigerian government in response to the housing problem in the country had evolved several housing policies such as Land Use Act, , National Housing Policy, and third and fourth National Development Plans with the objectives of proffering solutions to housing problem.
However, most of these policies focused on urban housing, neglecting the rural areas. This is evidenced from appraisals of past government approaches towards housing delivery that revealed that they have not recorded notable success Odebode and Oladokun, Though housing problem is universal but, there are various dimensions to both urban and rural housing problems in different countries such as India, Bangladesh and Kenya among others.
A review of housing policies of these countries revealed lack of commitment to rural housing Kenya, ; Nahiduzzaman, ; and India, Due to the lack of commitment from both the public and private organisations to embark on rural housing in these countries, they have embraced integrated housing development schemes as evidenced through the works of Majale and Lall and Lall Integrated housing development scheme is an effort, interpreted in terms of a holistic approach to poverty reduction through shelter and income improvement Lall, This is achieved by integrating housing and income generating activities in the livelihood programmes of the partner groups in a project.
In any integrated scheme such as an integrated housing development scheme, the development strategy is the Sustainable Livelihood Approach SLA. Sustainable Livelihood Approach SLA links issues of poverty reduction, sustainability and empowerment processes in a systemic and adaptive way Morse et al. Hence, sustainability in this paper is being viewed from the ability to maintain the improved level of well-being that is better housing condition among the participants in the study area.
One of the feedbacks from the achievement of livelihood outcomes in the Department for International Development DFID is that increased income is often spent on shelter, water and power supplies Department for International Development, In other words, improvements in shelter, water and power supplies are strong indicators of housing condition.
In addition, DFID opined that better domestic infrastructure is usually a core component of well-being which in the opinions of Sule et al. Integrated schemes had recorded positive outcome in India, Kenya and Indonesia on livelihood and housing among others according to Majale and Lall; and Lall The paper priori expectation is that the experience in Nigeria though might be different due to differences in political climate, and socio-economic characteristics could still impact positively on rural housing condition.
The JDPMC integrated scheme is chosen for the project because the level of their intervention was more intensive than any other NGOs or educational institution in Osun state. The objective of RUDEP is to improve the livelihood of poorer farmers and they focused on small and medium scale youth farmers and women that engaged in agricultural related activities through enquiries into the socio-economic characteristics of household HH heads to obtain their baseline information.
In any integrated schemes, there are expected and unexpected outcomes. One of such unexpected outcomes in the scheme being understudied is improvement on rural housing condition.
The paper therefore measured the level of contribution of integrated scheme to rural development in Nigeria by establishing the relationship between the integrated rural development scheme, livelihood assets and housing condition in the study area. The remaining part of the paper is structured as follows; following the background is the conceptual framework for the study.
Section 3 contains the review of past studies. The research method is discussed in section 4, while the discussion of research findings and conclusion are in sections 5 and 6 respectively. Conceptual Framework for the Study Integrated approach to housing entails mobilization of community to form self-help group. The prior expectation is that these social and economic inputs in the livelihood of the participants would generate increase income that would further lead to improvement in housing quality.
Review of Past Studies This section reviews existing works related to the study. Unwin provides analysis of rural change in the Baltic state of Estonia. The author uses information obtained from literature reviews. The author opines that an integrated approach to rural development will be a good strategy to boost rural economy in the future. The paper though takes cognizance of the role of integrated approach to boosting rural economy in Estonia is not empirical. Furthermore, the paper only suggests the adoption of integrated approach to enhance rural development in a country that is more advanced than Nigeria.
Abumere , referred to the concept to mean that in our use of environmental resources to satisfy current demands, we must not inflict irreversible damage on the environment in such a way as to jeopardize the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Simply put therefore, sustainable development advocates designed development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of unborn generations in meeting their own needs.
Objectives of rural developmentBased on the scope of rural development-improving the total welfare of the rural low-income people, Ijere, identified the following objectives of rural development: Government's involvement in infrastructural provision began as far back as when the colonial government promulgated the Township ordinance.
This ordinance classified settlements in the country into three classes: namely, the first, second and third class townships. The first class townships harboured the whites and their workers. There was heavy concentration of infrastructure in these settlements e.
In other words, they differ from the second and the third class townships, which received little or no facilities. In the same era, roads and railway lines were constructed across the country, in the name of and ostensibly for the development of rural areas.
However, the real reason for such constructions was exploitative rather than welfaristic, it was to enable the colonialists and the imperialists to tap and evacuate our agricultural products such as groundnuts, cocoa, cotton, and palm produce. This particular motive dictates the pattern of rail system in Nigeria in particular and developing countries in general, where rail lines only connect the hinterlands with the sea ports from where the agricultural products could be transported overseas.
In the rural areas within this era, agricultural mechanization was introduced to increase the hectares of food production for export; and also for the maximization and exploitation of the rural areas. The objective of the development of the rural areas during this period is secondary and not of primary objective. In other words, the direction of development at this period was foreign-centred rather than for rural development per se.
As such, the few developments recorded in the rural areas across the country in this period were by chance, rather than planned. In a nutshell, a common feature of rural development plans at preindependence period was a single emphasis on agricultural development and productivity. Post-Independence Experience in Rural DevelopmentEven though, the political drivers of the post independent Nigeria were indigenous, majority of who came from rural settings, the period witnessed colossal concentration of development efforts on the modern sector of the economy at the expense of investment in the rural economic base.
The resources meant to open up the rural areas were diverted to service the urban centers. Example of such were the building of the famous Cocoa House in Ibadan, the first Television Station in Africa and other numerous urban projects all of which were financed with the proceeds from taxes and levies from the rural farmers. The action led to dramatic influx of rural dwellers into the urban areas as it became more profitable and more sensible to remain in cities even as unemployed than to be enslaved in the rural areas only to "feed the nation".
As posited by the inflow of human resources from the poor regions to the rich regions will greatly increase the population sizes of the latter, thereby creating complex socio economic problems of unemployment and overcrowding residential accommodation.
However, in the s, there was a renewed effort in what was called rural development. Although, the first and second national development plans ; and were not basically concerned about developing the rural localities, serious concern for rural development at the national level was first highlighted in the third national development plan.
The plan emphasized the need to reduce regional disparities in order to foster national unity through the adoption of integrated rural development. The total budget allocation in the third national development plan was N32 billion.
In a similar development, the Fourth National Development Plan exhibits several distinguishing features, but most importantly, it was the first plan in which the local government tiers were allowed to participate fully in their own right. Fourth National Development Plan, Also, According to Filani , the national development plan marked a turning point in rural development efforts in Nigeria because it was the first to recognize the rural sector as a priority area.
The plan emphasized among other things the need for balanced development of the different sectors of the economy and of the various geographic areas of the country. It also emphasized the importance of rural infrastructural development as a vehicle for enhancing the quality of rural life.
Consequently, about N million was allocated to the eleven River Basin Development Authorities whose functions include among other things, the construction of boreholes, dams, feeder roads and jetties. About 12, kilometers of feeder roads, 2, wells, 29 farm service centres, 2, boreholes, and earth dams, were expected to be constructed by the River Basin Development Authorities.
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