Physiognomy pdf

Want more? Advanced embedding details, examples, and help! Electronic reproduction HEALTH: Added as part of Rare Book Project Half-bound book with leather and marble paper, spine stamped in gilt and blind, and cream endpapers digitized The online edition of this book in the public domain, i.

Addeddate Barcode Bitdepth 8 Identifier There are no reviews yet. Be the first one to write a review. The Medical Heritage Library. While such indistinction can lead into further differentiation, its role in early developmental stages is constitutive to aesthetic phenomena. The view pro- posed here proves incompatible with approaches that dissociate meaning and form, form and value, or form and content, and dislodge them from their developmental contexts. I will continue to explore this fundamental solidarity by presenting the notion of expressivity and its relationship with skilful action.

Leather cover detail of an egyptian Koran [Online image]. Eulenburg original work published Barten, S. International Universities Press. Bergson, H. Buytendijk, F. Le corps comme situation motivante. Presses Universitaires de France. Cadiot, P. Chouard, C. Conroy, F.

Copland, A. What to listen for in music. New American Library. Cornejo, C. The physiognomic and the geometrical apprehen- sions of metaphor. Crispini, P. Sons et couleurs. Terrain, 53, 48— La perception de la musique. Gibson, J. The ecological approach to visual perception. Lawrence Erlbaum. Godwin, J. Harmonies of heaven and earth: Mysticism in music from antiquity to the avant-garde. Inner Traditions International. Hornbostel, E. The unity of the senses.

Psyche, 7, 83— Howard, V. Artistry: The work of artists. Ingold, T. Lines: A brief history. Johnson, M. The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination and reason. University of Chicago Press.

The meaning of the body. Chicago University Press. Kennedy, M. Oxford concise dictionary of music 5th ed. Oxford University Press. Klee, P. Ancient Sound: Abstract on Black. Downloaded on December 20th, from Wikiart. Gestalt psychology. Horace Liveright. Langer, S. Feeling and form: A theory of art.

Problems of art. Lipps, T. Ansthruther-Thomson Eds. John Lane. Lefebvre, H. Rhythmanalysis: Space, time and everyday life. Merleau-Ponty, M. Merriam, A. The anthropology of music. Northwestern University Press. Michon, P. Elements of rhythmology I. Repp, B. Rojas, P. To become one with the instrument: The unfolding of a musical topography.

An expressive approach to affect in musical experience. Marsico, C. Valsiner Eds. Annals of cultural psychology Vol.

Information Age Publishing. Roll, J. Intellectica, 36—37, 49— Rosenthal, V. Microgenesis, immediate experience and visual processes in reading. Carsetti Ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Vaxelaire Eds. Intellectica, 55, 7— Les Belles Lettres. Intellectica, 50 3 , — Ruskin, J. The nature of gothic: A chapter of the stones of Venice. Salanskis, J. Sander, F. Structures, totality of experience, and gestalt. Murchinson Ed. Clark University Press.

Shakespeare, W. The tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. References 39 Shanon, B. The representational and the presentational: An essay on cognition and the study of mind. Imprint Academic. Soulez, A. Spuybroek, L. The sympathy of things: Ruskin and the ecology of design.

Bloomsbury Publishing. Sudnow, D. Ways of the hand: The organization of improvised conduct. Harvard University Press. Thelen, E. The role of physiognomic representationalism in this visuality is most clearly challenged by introducing a sense of temporality into our conception of embodiment. This move also undermines contemporary practices such as cosmetic surgery. I want to argue that the failure to take account of the temporality of the body reflects the failure to see the body as simultaneously part of both nature and culture.

In order to begin this it is useful to return to the methodology of Lavaterian physiognomy. To recall, physiognomy at this time was involved in making a distinction between itself and pathognomy, which was the study of those changeable, gestural features of the face, thought to signify the passions. On the use of the silhouette, for which he designed his own machine an adapted chair , Lavater writes: Silhouettes alone have extended my physiognomic knowledge, more than any kind of portrait.

We see in it neither motion, nor light, nor colour, nor rising, nor cavity. The silhouette arrests the attention: by fixing it on the exterior contours alone, it simplifies the observation, which becomes by that more easy and accurate.

The silhouette is a positive and incontestable proof of the reality of the Science of Physiognomics. To take this a step further, as Stafford points out, Lavater also viewed the dead body as an appropriately stilled subject for physiognomic analysis Indeed, this led to the practice of obtaining death masks of the deceased that were used in both physiognomic and phrenological studies.

This example of using casts of the dead perhaps gives us a clue as to one of the underlying anxieties of physiognomic logic. This motion can be thought of in both the short and long term: the former being the subtle and infinite changes in a face informed by motion and light, and the latter the changes to the body over the life course.

The use of death masks as physiognomic tools provides the clue. How would such characters then appear to us? A person may become what a particular culture defines as more or less moral. Does their face then exhibit a corresponding change? We can further specify the complicity of physiognomic discourse with repre- sentationalism.

Just as the representational theory of language attempts to arrest the instability of meaning, physiognomic discourse disciplines and freezes the inherent flux involved in the emotionality and materiality of the body. On physiognomy Magli writes: Such a symbolising process introduces us into a new time: no longer is it the non-time of an actual face, lost in the interrupted fluctuation of lights and shadows.

Physiognomic discourse is not difficult to critique; shaking off its perceptual agenda is more problematic. Its reappearance in some New Age settings Synnott, 81 also illustrates how the discourse is subject to periodic revival. More theoretically, the representationalism of physiognomy encourages us to think that, because two qualities may appear in tandem there is then a self- evident correlation between them.

The continued faith in the belief of a static correspondence between appearance and essence engenders false confidence in our judgement of, and relation to, others. In turn, this encourages a further leap of faith when we falsely attribute motive to others based upon visual cues. That we do confuse the two has an enormous, yet largely unresolved, consequence for our social relations with others. If the rendering static of physiognomic categories serves a purpose for our ontological security then I would suggest that an alternative, less oppressive, strategy would be beneficial.

If in our everyday social practices we remain complicit with this physiog- nomically inspired representationalism, we forego meaningful interaction with others. The discourses of physiognomy play an important role in the filling of this abyss. While physiognomy can be said to provide for social relations, these are of poor quality. More seriously, they encourage a perceptual filter that objectifies the other.

Perhaps the first stage to less prejudicial social relations is to recognize the determining power of physiognomic discourse.

The next step would be to promote a more patient relation to otherness that does not make a rush to judge- ment. This social self would be living more temporally in several ways. First, this self would be aware that appearance is transient from day to day. Second, this self would allow others to change both in terms of appearance and identity.

This temporal wisdom would erode the power of representational physiognomic discourse and perhaps facilitate more social self—other relations, not so based upon denying the other a voice, and denying the self a connection. Notes 1. There is some debate over whether Aristotle was the actual author of Physiognomics or whether it was written by one of his students. It was not published until Admittedly, the physiognomy in phrenology linking appearance with character could also be read as a weak counter-dualistic move.

I argue that physiognomy, in the specific way that it connects mind and body, is an example of a non-emancipatory counter-dualistic move. The works of the Fowlers first became available in Britain during the early s, although not widely available until the s Cooter, It is possible to trace a lineage between phrenological discourse and the Nazi Holocaust. In this recruited a Dr August Hirt —?

At his request 86 men and women largely Jewish were killed at Auschwitz and their bodies were taken to his hospital in Strassburg, France. After the war it is thought that Hirt escaped see Lachman, This issue of temporality also separates 19th-century physiognomy from contemporary academic studies of the face and non-verbal communication see, for example, Zebrowitz, This echoes the belief of Platonic and Lavaterian physiognomy that there is a harmony between moral and corporeal beauty.

The view that the beautiful are good and the ugly are bad remains culturally entrenched. This is, of course, partly perpetuated by an initial axiomatic faith in such aesthetic categories.

References Adams, Carol J. New York: Continuum. Ware: Wordsworth Classics. Combe, George The Constitution of Man. London: Longman and Co. Popular edn, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cooter, Roger Phrenology in the British Isles. London: Scarecrow Press. Cowling, Mary The Artist as Anthropologist. New York: Yale University Press. London: Croom Helm. London: MIT Press. Finkelstein, Joanne The Fashioned Self. Cambridge: Polity Press. London: H. New York: Fowler and Wells.

Galton, Francis Hereditary Genius. London: Watts and Co. Galton, Francis Inquiries into Human Faculty. London: The Eugenics Society. Galton, Francis Memories of My Life, 3rd edn. London: Methuen and Co. Giddens, Anthony Modernity and Self-Identity. Chichester: John Wiley. New York: Doubleday. Gould, Stephen J. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Berne: Peter Lang. Hall et al. Modernity and its Futures. Kerles, Daniel J. Lavater, Johann, C. London: Thomas Tegg. London: G. Colorado: Fred B. Rothman and Co. Feher et al. Warren ed. Ecological Feminist Philosophies.

Indi- anapolis: Indiana University Press. Spurzheim, Johann C. London: Treuttel, Wurtz and Richter. Stafford, Barbara Body Criticism. Story, Alfred ed. London: Routledge. Waters, Malcolm Globalization. Wells, Samuel R.