Sniping manual pdf

A fascinating and detailed look This Handbook illustrates the proper and effective methods of scout-sniping in offensive combat and defensive force-protection. It also covers selection, training, employment, equipment selection and care. To eliminate the Japanese jungle fighter, the Corps had to formulate innovative tactics even more efficient than those successfully implemented by the scouts, observers and snipers of World War I.

The Corps set about training and fielding a Over 5, total pages They are task organized as a highly trained six man team capable of conducting specific missions behind enemy lines. Skip to content. Presented in lesson-plan format, the U. The sniper's training, combined with the inherent accuracy of his rifle, firmly establishes him as a valuable addition to the Supporting arms available to the infantry commander.

The Scout Sniper is a Marine highly skilled in fieldcraft and marksmanship who delivers long range, precision fire at selected targets from concealed positions. The primary mission of a sniper in combat is to support combat operations by delivering precision fire on selected targets from concealed positions. The sniper also has a secondary mission of gathering information for intelligence purposes. Category: Sniper handbook pdf Show more. Operations Vied-arma. Moreover, this document offers greater insight for those who want to understand the role and way a sniper thinks and operates — how they provide a unique skill set to benefit the team.

Category: Sniper handbook Show more. Manual Adgz. Illustrated Manual of Sniper Skills This heavily illustrated manual provides a timely, in-depth review of the art of sniping in war and anti-terrorist environments. Category: Army sniper training manual Show more.

Training Emilitarymanuals. This download has 50 manuals, reports and books that supply advanced training for a military sniper , including sniper ballistics, bullet choices, logs, sniper weapon and training manuals. Snipers Procuration. Category : Training Courses Show more.

Addeddate Archive. Rural Tacflow. Category : Free Courses Show more. Snipers Pt. Personal Pdf. The rigorous training program and the increased personal risk in combat require high motivation and the ability to learn a variety of skills. Aspiring snipers must have an excellent personal record. Sniper Americansniper. Just Now Sniper Training Matrix Content and Hours After graduating from a comprehensive police sniper school, sniper team members must receive ongoing training year-round to maintain their operational readiness.

This document is a framework of necessary annual content, hours and justification for a police sniper skills maintenance program. Created Survivalschool. Sniper Advancedcombatevolutions. A 2-day Advanced Sniper skill builder is available as well as a one-day refresher course covering only extended range movers, use of force decision making, and hostage rescue shooting.

Category : Mba Courses Show more. Training 88tactical. G Table G Operational climates and proper lubrication application. Weapons cleaning kit components. Optical cleaning kit components. Deployment tool kit components. Deployment parts kit components. Five-piece cleaning rod components.

Common malfunctions and corrective actions. Deployment kit components G Table H Foreign sniper weapon systems. H-1 Table H Foreign sniper weapon systems continued.

H-2 Table H H-3 Table H Table H H-5 Table H H-6 Table H H-7 Table H H-8 Table H H-9 Table H H Table H United States sniper weapon systems. United States sniper weapon systems continued. It is intended for use by commanders, staffs, trainers, snipers, and Soldiers at training posts, Army schools, and units.

Terms that have joint or Army definitions are identified in both the glossary and the text. Terms for which this publication is the proponent FM are indicated with an asterisk in the glossary. Given the current requirement that snipers be male, masculine pronouns in this book generally refer to male Soldiers.

Should this requirement change, these pronouns would refer to both genders. You may send comments and recommendations by any means US mail, e-mail, fax, or telephone , as long as you use or follow the format of DA Form Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms. Point of contact information is as follows:. E-mail: benn. Chapter 1 Introduction The sniper has special abilities, training, and equipment.

His mission is to deliver discriminatory, highly accurate rifle fire against enemy targets which cannot be engaged successfully by the rifleman because of range, size, location, visibility, or fleeting nature. Sniping requires the perfection of basic infantry skills. In combat, the primary mission of a sniper is to support combat operations by delivering precise long-range fire on selected targets. This creates a marked effect on enemy troops; it creates casualties, slows movement, instills fear and influences their decisions and actions, lowers morale, and adds confusion to their operations.

The secondary mission of the sniper is to collect and report battlefield information. A well-trained sniper, combined with the inherent accuracy of his rifle and ammunition, is a versatile supporting arm available to an infantry commander. A sniper enhances a units firepower and augments the varied means for destruction and harassment of the enemy. Whether a sniper is organic or attached, he provides that unit with supporting fire.

The snipers role is unique in that it is the sole means by which a unit can engage point targets at distances beyond the effective range of M and M4-series weapons. This role becomes more significant when the target is entrenched or positioned among civilians, or during riot control missions; the fires of automatic weapons in such operations can result in the wounding or killing of noncombatants.

Snipers are employed in all levels of conflict. This includes conventional offensive and defensive combat in which precision fire is delivered at long ranges. A skilled sniper can stop even the largest units in their tracks with a few well-aimed shots that take out key personnel such as scouts or officers, seriously damaging the enemys moral.

Certainly there is no hunting like the hunting of an armed man, and those who have hunted armed men long enough and liked it never care for anything else thereafter. From Leonardo Da Vinci to the present, the long-range marksman has had a marked effect on the direction, drive, and scope of battle. By his discriminatory nature, he has felled the command structure of his enemies, rendered their equipment useless, and driven fear into the hearts of their men.

The sniper is one of the most effective weapons on the field of battle. He is frugal and precise. The term "sniper" originally had nothing to do with the current use of the word; "sniper" described an 18th century English gamesman who was able to successfully hunt the small, fast, and agile snipe a European gamebird, similar to the woodcock.

Snipers were skilled trackers and marksmen, much like modern day snipers. The term "sniper" first entered military use in , when Soldiers began "sniping," or putting their hats on sticks for the enemy to shoot at.

World War I introduced the world to a new type of combat, trench warfare. The trench sniper moved about the battlefield alone, searched for targets of value, used his scope to observe enemy positions, and recorded his observations in a special notebook.

This was the birth of the modern sniper. Commander involvement in personnel selection is critical. The high standards of training and the independent nature of the sniper's mission require the commander to screen sniper candidates carefully, looking for evidence of potential aptitude as a sniper. A Soldier needs high motivation and the ability to learn various skills if he is to withstand the rigorous training program and the increased personal risk and rigors of the job. He also needs an excellent personal record.

A sniper candidate must meet criteria in the areas of marksmanship, physical condition, vision, psychological profile mental and emotional balance , intelligence, and fieldcraft. Marksmanship The chain of command must ensure that sniper candidates meet expert annual marksmanship qualification standards.

As an expert, he must also show a basic understanding of marksmanship fundamentals. Physical Condition The sniper is often employed in extended operations with little sleep, food, or water.

This requires outstanding physical condition. Good health means good reflexes, muscular control, and stamina. Also, the self-confidence and control that Soldiers gain from athletics, especially from team sports, prove definite assets to a sniper candidate.

No sniper should be a habitual smoker or user of smokeless tobacco. Smoke or an unsuppressed smoker's cough can reveal the sniper's position. Also, the efficiency of a Soldier who has quit using tobacco only for the mission is impaired by involuntary nervousness and irritation. Vision Excellent vision e. A Soldier who wears glasses could become a liability as the glasses may be lost or damaged. Color blindness is also an additional liability, since it prevents the sniper from detecting camouflaged targets.

Psychological Profile A psychological examination can help reveal whether a candidate has the right psychological qualities to be a sniper: Will he pull the trigger at the right time and place? Is he reliable? Has he shown initiative, loyalty, discipline, and emotional stability? The sniper must be able to eliminate targets calmly and deliberately, even if they pose no immediate threat to him. Killing in self-defense or in the defense of others is much easier than doing so without apparent provocation.

The sniper must be able to do his job without anxiety and remorse. Those whose motivation toward sniper training rests mainly in the desire for prestige may lack the rationality that the job requires.

Intelligence A sniper must either possess a working knowledge or be able to learn the following: Ballistics. Ammunition types and capabilities. Adjustment of optical devices. Radio operation and procedures. Observation and adjustment of mortar and artillery fire. Land navigation. Military intelligence collection and reports.

Identification of threat uniforms and equipment. Fieldcraft The sniper must know the field and feel comfortable spending long periods there. An extensive background in the outdoors and a vast knowledge of natural outdoor occurrences will help aid him in the timely and efficient execution of many of his tasks.

The commander must ensure that the candidate Is male. Is at least a private first class. Has a good performance record. Has a minimum GT score of , nonwaiverable. Earned at least 70 points on each event during the Army Physical Fitness Test. Has no history of alcohol or drug abuse.

Has no record of disciplinary action. Has volunteered for sniper school. Meets a minimum retainability of one year upon graduation date. Meets the height and weight standards in accordance with AR Is in career management field series, series, or 19D. Upon graduation from the USASS, the sniper will return to the unit highly skilled in fieldcraft and marksmanship and capable of Providing precision fires on selected targets from concealed positions from to meters.

Engaging moving targets from to meters during daylight hours. Engaging moving targets from to meters during hours of limited visibility. Engaging targets with the long-range sniper rifle LRSR from to meters. Accurately reporting battlefield information in sketch, sniper log, range card, or digital formats. Conducting tactical movement while under direct observation in woodland and urban environments. Detecting targets and recalling pertinent target characteristics.

Performing all tasks in this manual. The sniper's training is extensive and covers many subjects. The two main goals are to increase his value as a force multiplier and to ensure his survival on the battlefield. To achieve these goals, the sniper must practice until he masters his art.

To ensure maximum effectiveness with minimum risk, the snipers skills must include both long-range rifle marksmanship and fieldcraft.

To allow the sniper team to focus for maximum results in the time available, sniper training is unique from other unit training. The sniper team is employed in all types of tactical operations, including conventional offensive and defensive combat operations, combat patrols, ambushes, countersniper operations, civil support operations, observation duties, urban operations, and retrograde operations in which snipers are part of stay-behind forces or forces left in contact.

All sniper weapon systems can deliver long-range, precision fire at their maximum effective ranges. M long-range sniper rifle LRSR. Consistently hit personnel-size targets at ranges of meters or further, dependent on the sniper's abilities e. Capitalize on shooting and maintenance proficiency on Mtype rifles. Attach and detach other sighting systems and accessories with approved mounting systems without loss of combat zero.

The M24 SWS is a 7. The system consists of the rifle, day optic sight DOS , iron sight, bipod, deployment kit, cleaning kit, soft rifle carrying case, optic case, system case, and operator's manual. With the M24 SWS, a sniper can destroy sensitive equipment and can cause personnel casualties out to meters.

The M LRSR is a man-portable, direct line of sight weapon system capable of providing precision fire at a distance of up to 1, meters. These all fit into the M's fitted carrying case, along with cleaning equipment and scope adjustment tools. The organization and employment of snipers is a process that is continually evolving and is dictated by the current modified table of organization and equipment MTOE , unit commander, threat, and area of operations.

Sniper sections are assigned to particular types of units, each of which has a sniper employment officer SEO. Table depicts the units with snipers and the number of authorized positions. This modular element consists of a section leader and two or three sniper teams, each with two or three men. For some missions, the sniper team is assigned a separate security force. NOTE: Whether the teams consist of two or three Soldiers, all members should be highly trained in the use of all team equipment.

Sniper operations are characterized by the actions of individual sniper teams. However, destroying an important target or several high-priority targets might require multiple teams. Traditional Two-Man Sniper Team Having two snipers on a team provides for mutual protection and relief. When working in two-man teams, one sniper serves as the sniper and the team leader, while the other sniper serves as the observer.

Three-Man Heavy Sniper Team Three-man teams are considered heavy teams. When working in three-man teams, the first sniper serves as the sniper and the team leader, the second sniper serves as the observer, and the third provides area security. Four-Man Sniper Team In a four-man sniper team, it is recommended that each team member be sniper-qualified ASI-B4. At a minimum, two members of the team must be sniper-qualified.

Table depicts the team members' roles and weapons. Each member of the sniper section has specific responsibilities. Only through repeated practice can the section begin to function properly. The SEO is responsible for advising the unit commander on the employment and control of snipers.

The SEO understands the capabilities and limitations of his teams, to include movement and camouflage techniques, observation techniques, hide site operations, and marksmanship. Advise the supported unit commander. The SEO advises the supported unit commander, S-3, and S2 on how to best employ the units sniper team. The SEO ensures the commander realizes his snipers are his eyes, ears, and trigger finger on the battlefield.

Coordinate all aspects of the sniper mission. Coordination begins at the mission-planning phase, and is a continual process. The SEO coordinates the assignment of sniper teams to missions to support units or as an integrated part of a sniper mission. To prevent fratricide and possible compromise of position and mission, the SEO coordinates terrain and sectors of operation with units in the area of operation AO.

Training should be realistic, varied, challenging, and mission-oriented. Every skill required of a sniper is perishable and requires continual practice. The SEO ensures that his teams are allocated the proper time and resources needed to maintain their effectiveness.

Issue combat orders to the teams. Supervise planning, preparation, and rehearsals. The SEO should provide supervision for the planning of the mission, the preparation of the mission, and mission rehearsals. A good brief- back indicates the sniper team's readiness for the mission.

Debrief all members of the team upon completion of the mission. The SEO should conduct detailed debriefings after completion of the mission.

The sniper team s will bring all pertinent information e. The section leader is the subject matter expert on all sniper-related issues, including training, equipment, weapons, and employment. The sniper team leader is responsible for the training, employment, and conduct of his team. The sniper team leader executes the orders of the SEO and section leader and is responsible for accomplishing the mission.

The shooter Provides precision long-range fire on key targets and selected targets of opportunity. Properly performs all phases of the integrated act of firing. Provides an accurate mil reading of the target. Accurately applies corrections provided by the observer. The observer Properly identifies targets. Accurately calculates range to the targets based upon the mil reading provided by the shooter. Constantly monitors any environmental or situational changes and provides the shooter with accurate corrections.

Observes spots the impact of the round and provides immediate corrections for subsequent engagements. Sniper teams should be able to use any available weapon from the units arms room, as needed. This flexibility of choice is referred to as the arms room concept. The addition of newer weapons, such as the M SASS, will allow the sniper team to better match their weapons to the mission.

Snipers enable the commander to disrupt, destroy, or otherwise reduce the effectiveness of the enemy. The commander can use the sniper team in various missions, to include conventional attack, defense, delay, economy-of-force, or even stability and support. Snipers have specialized capabilities, including Surprise. Information gathering. Precise fire control. Surprise Snipers' stalking techniques, camouflage, and concealed firing positions make them nearly undetectable to the enemy until the sniper fires.

Information Gathering Snipers' observational and navigational skills and specialized equipment help them see the terrain in great detail and observe changes. They can provide the commander details about the terrain, obstacles, likely avenues of approach, or other pertinent information. Precise Fire Control Snipers techniques of range estimation allow the accurate and efficient control of indirect fire and prove to be an asset in the quest of achieving a first-round fire for effect.

Leaders should consider the following limitations when employing snipers: Mobility. Command and control. Prolonged independent employment. Continuous employment. Mobility Although a sniper team inserts by almost any method and over great distances, its mobility after insertion is limited. Sniper teams rely on stealth, not speed, to secure their movement. Lack of integral transport can strand them. Commanders must plan how to retrieve and redeploy the sniper team.

Command and Control The organic sniper team is a new concept. Commanders must learn the best missions for their sniper teams and assign them accordingly. Prolonged Independent Employment Snipers can only support themselves for a short period; resupply operations can compromise their location, mission, and safety. Continuous Employment Commanders and their staffs should understand that continuous employment reduces the sniper's effectiveness greatly, so they should plan accordingly.

For example, the commander might deploy all sniper teams at once, leaving none available; or he can deploy fewer sniper teams at a time, leaving the other teams rested and ready for the next mission. Sustainment Sniping skills perish quickly; therefore, sniper teams must sustain and sharpen those skills regularly.

To deny the importance and need to sustain sniper training deprives the commander of a valuable asset. Snipers normally operate from static positions. They try to position themselves where they can receive local protection from friendly elements.

NOTE: Chapter 3 describes the selection, construction, occupation, and types of sniper positions. During mission preparation, sniper teams use planning factors to estimate the amount of time, coordination, and effort that must be expended to support the impending mission. Arms, ammunition, and equipment are dependent on mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, civil considerations METT-TC.

Many sniper tasks are common to all operations. Unit SEOs develop these tasks and add others based on the commanders intent and on operational requirements. These tasks include Target enemy command posts and key enemy leaders. Target enemy crew-served weapons and crews. Cover defilades. Cover engineer and pioneer parties. Cover demolition guards and supply columns. Perform countersniper operations.

Protect flanks. Dominate key terrain. Deploy as part of cutoff forces. Deploy forward to cover counterattack routes. Select targets to engage just before an attack. Cover obstacles while friendly forces cross them. Observe and control indirect fire onto enemy positions. Place accurate fire into bunkers.

Ambush or harass a withdrawing enemy. Provide covering fire for observation posts OPs and firing positions. Overwatches the movement to and assault of the objectives. Disable or destroy key enemy equipment and material. The rules of engagement ROE direct how a commander may use force to achieve military objectives. The ROE impose political, practical, and legal limitations upon commanders and Soldiers.

Before each mission, a sniper should be given the ROE specific to his mission. The principles basic to all ROE include The law of land warfare. Basic human rights. Soldiers' and units' absolute and inherent right to defend themselves. Soldiers' and units' obligations to respond with minimum force needed. In situations that the mission's ROE fail to address, the sniper might have to fall back on the Law of Land Warfare FM to help him decide when to use deadly force.

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